Cosmic ray muon computed tomography of spent nuclear fuel. Cosmic ray muon computed tomography of spent nuclear fuel in dry storage casks. The processes contributing to the muon attenuation in matter are well known 10, so that a measurement of muon attenuation can be used to determine the amount of matter, or range r density times length traversed by the particles along their path. Design and characterization of a small muon tomography. Computerized tomography free download tucows downloads. What is muon tomography and how does it help finding. A group of scientists from egypt, japan, canada, and france just teamed up to scan egypts pyramids in an effort to reveal one of earths longest secrets. In reality, muons ionize solid material as they pass through, losing energy and possibly scattering in the process.
As with other leptons, the muon is not known to have any substructure that is, it is not thought to be composed of any simpler particles. Currently there are no systematic image characterization metrics for muon tomography. We present an underground cosmic ray muon tomographic experiment imaging 3d density of overburden, part of a joint study with differential gravity. Muon tomography is used in archeology, volcanology, security. Tanaka,1 hideaki taira,2 tomihisa uchida,3 manobu tanaka,3 minoru takeo,1 takao ohminato,1 yosuke aoki,1 ryuichi nishitama,1 daigo shoji,1 and hiroshi tsuiji1 received 30 april 2010. The pdf file you selected should load here if your web browser has a pdf reader plugin installed for example, a recent version of adobe acrobat reader.
Alternatively, you can also download the pdf file directly to your computer, from where it can be opened using a pdf reader. An unknown overburden void was identified and, after trial. Since muons have much stronger penetrating power than xrays, muon tomography is often used to image through much thicker materials than xray tomography, i. The kek has built an electronic device working with muon sensitive, scintillating plastics. Muon scanning finds hidden chamber in great pyramid of giza. Cosmic rays are a form of highenergy radiation that originate from. Image resolution of muon tomography is limited by the range of zenith angles of cosmic ray muons and the flux rate at sea level. First, place a disk in the disk drive of the computer. Muon tomography is a useful method for monitoring special nuclear materials snms because it can provide effective information on the presence of highz materials, has a high enough energy to deeply penetrate large amounts of shielding, and does not lead to any health risks and danger above background. Clarifying how muon tomography works, ria novosti explained that as cosmic raygenerated particles find their way into the earths atmosphere 40 km and below, they collide with.
Horizontal cosmic ray muon radiography for imaging nuclear. Dec 06, 2007 in order for muon tomography to be conducted, we need to first understand muons. The multiple coulomb scattering process causes the magnitude of the deflection of a muon incident upon a target material to increase in proportion to the atomic number. Advantages of this technique are the muons ability to penetrate significant overburden and the absence of any additional dose beyond the natural cosmic ray flux. Pdf detection and imaging of highz materials with a. The tech that revealed a hidden chamber inside egypts great. Muon tomography is a technique that uses cosmic ray muons to generate threedimensional images of volumes using information contained in the coulomb scattering of the muons. The points a,b,c and d are the positions of muon in these detectors respectively, and other informationis shown in the. Geological exploration and tomography wittcos c ay uos eh. The measured cosmic ray rate, in both the horizontal and vertical viewing modes, are plotted in fig. A major source of uncertainty in muon tomography is the assumption that the muon trajectory is constant, that is, that the direction determined at the detector is a valid estimate of the direction from which the muon ultimately came. This clip explains where muons come from and shows how cosmic rays interact with the upper atmosphere and break. Muon tomography offers the chance to develop a much cheaper, continuous and passive monitoring system for deep subsurface storage sites. Cosmic ray muon radiography utilizes highly penetrating cosmic ray muons to image the density profile of an object of interest.
May 29, 2014 muon tomography uses naturally occurring cosmic rays to detect nuclear threats in containers. Muon geotomography imaged a known massive sulfide deposit in a complex geological environment. The curve plotted as a solid line has been fitted to the data and is given by. Muon tomography of rock density using micromegas tpc telescope. The cosmic ray muon tomography technique can provide a solution to this problem, by be ing able to discriminate between highz materials and hence to distinguish ssile material from the highz shielding. The interaction between muons and materials has been used in various fields of research. Muon tomography has already been successfully used to image deep structures such as the interior of volcanoes and pyramids. Markerfree image registration of electron tomography tiltseries. Muon tomography of rock density using micromegas tpc. Muon tomography for the analysis of incontainer vitrified products allan simpson, anthony clarkson, simon gardner, ramsey al. What is muon tomography and how does it help finding cavity. This novel technique opened up new scenarios and indeed more and more groups around the world investigated the. To download the pdf, click the download link below.
Threedimensional computational axial tomography scan of a. The application of muon tomography to the imaging of railway. Pdf the application of muon tomography to the imaging of. Since muons are much more deeply penetrating than xrays, muon tomography can be used to image through much thicker material than xray based tomography such as ct scanning. Hit detection efficiency for the upper and lower trackers.
Muon tomography allows the identification of high atomic number z materials by measuring the scattering angle of atmospheric cosmic ray muons passing through an inspection region. Move over xrays, muon tomography is coming decision. These methods include tests of spatial resolution, uniformity, contrast, signal to noise ratio snr and. Muon results viewer and its successor muon cockpit by sgherb a flexible windows tool for manipulating and sorting muon1 results. Nuclear waste imaging and spent fuel verification by muon tomography. Since its discovery in the 1930s, the muon has played an important role in our quest to understand the subatomic theory of matter. Many of these particles are muons, secondgeneration leptons that are produced by cosmic rays and reach earths surface at a rate of 1 per square centimeter per minute. Cmspho muon 20170021 small, medium, large, original the mst scanner at the infn national laboratory of photograph. Pdf cosmic ray muon radiography utilizes highlypenetrating cosmic ray muons to image the density profile of an object of interest. Imaging tissue structures using muon tomography practice. The backend is still running for now for hobbyists and people interested in running the software, but it is not working on anything significant.
Muon tomography based on the measurement of multiple scattering of atmospheric cosmic ray muons is a promising technique for detecting and imaging heavily shielded high. Cosmic ray muon computed tomography of spent nuclear fuel in. A plastic scintillatorbased muon tomography system with an. The application of muon tomography to the imaging of.
We developed a 2d muon detector and designed a muon tomography system employing four. Low flux rate limits the use of advanced data rebinning and processing techniques to improve image quality. Xv workshop on resistive plate chambers and related detectors rpc2020 the proceedings for xv workshop on resistive plate chambers and related detectors rpc2020 held on 1014 february, 2020 in rome, italy, will be published in the proceedings section of jinst, journal of instrumentation. Design and characterization of a small muon tomography system. Muon tomography, which is not based on xrays, can be applied in scanning systems of various sizes and integration in existing supply chains without adding to the time scale or manual intervention. Z sr1 cm2 min1, where n is the number of tracks detected. Probing fukushima with cosmic rays should speed cleanup. Muon tomography allows the identification of high atomic number z. Here you can use your own pcs idle time to simulate and design parts of a particle accelerator. In the late 1960s, a team led by nobelwinning physicist luis alvarez used muon detectors pdf to scan for undiscovered rooms in the pyramid of khafre, the great pyramids slightly smaller. The images obtained from muon tomography lag behind ultrasound or xray analysis in resolution, but the techniques could be particularly effective when used in. A plastic scintillatorbased muon tomography system with. If r j is the range of a muon travelling along a path j, then j l ji. Since muons are much more deeply penetrating than xrays, muon tomography can be used to image through much thicker material than xray based tomography such as ct scanni.
Russian scientists invent device allowing them to see. Muon tomography uses naturally occurring cosmic rays to detect nuclear threats in containers. The fact that both trackers have the same trend is likely a coincidence. Limitations arise from inversion ambiguities, access locations, and statistics 40. Carbon storage could play a major part of uk and global environmental policies to tackle global warming but still allow us to generate clean, affordable energy. Concerning the muon telescopes of cea which joined the mission on april 15th, they are made of gaseous detectors based on an argon mixture. Such instruments allowed in particular the imaging of the inside of nuclear reactors in fukushima. The technique, muon tomography, is similar to ct scanning in medical imaging, but as muons are more penetrating than xrays much larger and deeper structures can be imaged.
The muon tomography survey summarized in this article was performed at the mcarthur river mine. D density inversion of a uranium deposit using muon tomography. Ultimately, the measured hit detection efficiency is more than sufficient for pursuing muon tomography investigations. We propose a set of image characterization methods to quantify the imaging performance of muon tomography. Nov 04, 2017 a similar form of muon tomography has additionally been used as a way of imaging magma chambers in volcanos to predict eruptions, and for discovering hidden tunnels inside the bent pyramid, named. Muonplayer plays back animation files recorded by muon1, if the. Sorzano co, messaoudi c, eibauer m, bilbaocastro jr, hegerl r, nickell s, marco s, carazo jm. We present a qualitative assessment of the radiographic imaging and 3. The trackers use a form of muon tomography, the technique using cosmic raygenerated muon particles, to radiograph underground objects and geological structures.
Oct 30, 2015 the scanning project is expected to begin in november, 2016 and will use a combination of dronemounted scanners, thermal imaging, and muon tomography to produce the most detailed 3d models of the. Muon tomography imaging improvement using optimized. Muon tomography applied to a dense uranium deposit at the. It allows the preprocessing, registration of tilt series before performing 3d reconstructions. Number of publications regarding muon radiography or muon tomography in the last years. We demonstrate the validity of muon tomographic imaging with data acquired at a depth of about 600 m underground. Muon decay almost always produces at least three particles, which must include an electron of the same charge as the muon and two types of neutrinos. Muon tomography is a technique that uses information contained in the coulomb scattering of cosmic ray muons to generate three dimension images of volumes between tracking detectors. Since its development in the 1950s, muon tomography has taken many forms, the most important of which are muon transmission radiography and muon scattering tomography. Progress in muon tomography germano bonomi figure 1. I encourage you to investigate and ask questions about the application of muon tomography, mr. The scanning project is expected to begin in november, 2016 and will use a combination of dronemounted scanners, thermal imaging, and muon tomography to produce the most detailed 3d models of the. Muon count data is stored in the linux program on the detector computer. Nuclear waste imaging and spent fuel verification by muon tomography unsteady heat exchange at the dry spent nuclear fuel storage.
Muon flux simulations initial studies 2010 indicates that by instrumenting m2 and taking data for 1 year then 0. Using enhanced muon tomography to assess core relocation. Mar 31, 2017 we present an underground cosmic ray muon tomographic experiment imaging 3d density of overburden, part of a joint study with differential gravity. Cmsphomuon20170021 small, medium, large, original the mst scanner at the infn national laboratory of photograph. By optimizing the limited angle data, however, image resolution can be improved. Muon tomography imaging improvement using optimized limited. Integrating over the upper hemisphere gives a total. Here we report on a trial to use a portable fielddeployable cosmic ray muon tracking system in order to image the whole overburden of a uk railway tunnel with shortduration scans c. Pdf muon tomography is a generic imaging method using the differential absorption of cosmic muons by matter. Image characterization metrics for muon tomography.
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